· If you are travelling in most European countries you need a European health insurance card (EHIC). It replaces the old E111, which stopped being valid at the start of this month. Without the card, you may end up paying for some forms of emergency or 'necessary' care, which you would otherwise get free or at reduced prices.

· It gives you the same treatment entitlement from the state that a resident in that country would get. In some countries the treatment will be free; in others you will have to make a contribution. The EHIC covers treatment needed because of illness or an accident on your trip, or for a chronic or pre-existing illness - including kidney dialysis (you would need to arrange this before you go). The old E111 scheme covered emergency care only.

· It's valid in all of the countries in the European Economic Area and Switzerland.

· Anyone who is ordinarily resident in the UK is eligible for an EHIC, but you must be over 16 years of age in order to apply. Residents of the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are not eligible.

· The 'quickest and easiest way to get an EHIC is to apply online', says the Department of Health. Go to www.ehic.org.uk. You will need your NHS or National Insurance number to hand. The certificate is then sent back to you in seven working days. Alternatively, you can telephone 0845 606 2030 or call into a Post Office to pick up a form.

· The card is valid for between three and five years.

· You should still buy private travel insurance, however. The EHIC does not cover the costs of transporting you back to the UK.

· The scheme is only for holidaymakers or other travellers on relatively short visits abroad. It does not cover ex-pats.

· If you need treatment during a visit abroad, you should claim reimbursement before you return. Visit www.dh.gov.uk/ travellers for country-specific information regarding this, or pick up a copy of the 'Health Advice for Travellers' booklet at the Post Office.

· If you can't claim while you are away you should contact the Department for Work & Pensions, International Pension Centre, Tyneview Park, Whitley Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE98 1BA, upon your return to the UK.