How do sprains happen?

The ankle is a flexible joint with ligaments keeping the bones in the joint together. The commonest injury is when the sole of the foot turns inwards, straining the ligaments on the outside of the ankle.

How do I know whether I've sprained my ankle?

Sprains can cause mild discomfort to severe pain. You may not notice any pain or swelling at first, or you may feel a "pop" when your ankle twisted (which will be the ligaments tearing) and see immediate swelling. Usually you will have trouble standing on your ankle and it may become bruised because of bleeding. You don't normally need an x-ray – only if it looks as if you've pulled off part of a bone that the ankle ligaments are attached to.

How do I treat it?

Try paracetamol (or paracetamol and codeine). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as Ibuprofen are not recommended for the first 48 hours. Then use the Price regime: Protection – use an ankle support and supportive footwear (not flip flops). Rest – for two to three days (you may need crutches). Ice – wrap ice or a bag of frozen peas in a cloth and apply it to your ankle regularly (every 20 minutes) for the first two to three days (don't stick your ankle into a bucket of ice as it hurts and could damage your skin). Compression – put an elasticated compression stocking over your ankle (crepe bandages aren't tight enough). Don't have it too tight, though, as it will cut off your circulation and don't wear it at night. Elevate – when sitting or lying down raise your ankle above the level of your heart.

How long will it take to recover?

Anything from a few days to months – although most sprains will be better in six weeks. You should take a break from anything sporty for two to three months. After 48 hours start gently moving your ankle up and down and in circles.

How do I avoid sprains?

If you are prone to them, wear ankle supports. Do exercises to increase the strength of muscles around the ankle joint.

When should I see my doctor?

If your ankle is very painful and swollen and you can't put any weight on it. Also make an appointment if the pain gets worse over the first four days or if you have any lumps around your ankle that aren't usually there.